Product Types Ontology (PTO)

The Product Types Ontology (PTO) is a comprehensive vocabulary for standardized classification and semantic description of commercial products and services designed to complement GoodRelations e-commerce vocabulary. PTO provides a hierarchical taxonomy of product categories, types, and subtypes covering diverse industries and market segments including consumer goods, electronics, fashion, books, and services. It enables detailed product classification through a fine-grained type hierarchy, facilitating product discovery, comparison shopping, and automated product recommendation systems. PTO is designed for web markup integration using microdata, RDFa, and JSON-LD formats, enabling product information embedded in HTML to be processed by search engines and aggregation platforms. By combining PTO product types with GoodRelations commercial properties (price, availability, shipping), organizations can create rich, machine-readable product descriptions for e-commerce applications.

Example Usage: Annotate a product listing with PTO terms such as “Electronics > Smartphones > Android Phones” linked to GoodRelations Offering instances with price and availability information for automated product discovery and price comparison.

Metrics & Statistics

Graph Statistics

Total Nodes

4577

Total Edges

14125

Root Nodes

12

Leaf Nodes

1012
Knowledge Coverage Statistics

Classes

1002

Individuals

3002

Properties

0
Hierarchical Metrics

Maximum Depth

2

Minimum Depth

0

Average Depth

0.92

Depth Variance

0.87
Breadth Metrics

Maximum Breadth

12

Minimum Breadth

3

Average Breadth

8.33

Breadth Variance

14.89
LLMs4OL Dataset Statistics

Term Types

3000

Taxonomic Relations

3996

Non-taxonomic Relations

0

Average Terms per Type

3000.00

Usage Example

Use the following code to import this ontology programmatically:

from ontolearner.ontology import PTO

ontology = PTO()
ontology.load("path/to/PTO-ontology.rdf")

# Extract datasets
data = ontology.extract()

# Access specific relations
term_types = data.term_typings
taxonomic_relations = data.type_taxonomies
non_taxonomic_relations = data.type_non_taxonomic_relations