.. sidebar::

    .. list-table:: **Ontology Card**
       :header-rows: 0

       * - **Domain**
         - Industry
       * - **Category**
         - Industry
       * - **Current Version**
         - 1.0
       * - **Last Updated**
         - 2025-02-21
       * - **Creator**
         - Martin Hepp
       * - **License**
         - Creative Commons 3.0
       * - **Format**
         - rdf
       * - **Download**
         - `Download Product Types Ontology (PTO) <http://www.productontology.org/>`_

Product Types Ontology (PTO)
========================================================================================================

The Product Types Ontology (PTO) is a comprehensive vocabulary for standardized classification and semantic description of commercial products and services designed to complement GoodRelations e-commerce vocabulary. PTO provides a hierarchical taxonomy of product categories, types, and subtypes covering diverse industries and market segments including consumer goods, electronics, fashion, books, and services. It enables detailed product classification through a fine-grained type hierarchy, facilitating product discovery, comparison shopping, and automated product recommendation systems. PTO is designed for web markup integration using microdata, RDFa, and JSON-LD formats, enabling product information embedded in HTML to be processed by search engines and aggregation platforms. By combining PTO product types with GoodRelations commercial properties (price, availability, shipping), organizations can create rich, machine-readable product descriptions for e-commerce applications.

**Example Usage**: Annotate a product listing with PTO terms such as "Electronics > Smartphones > Android Phones" linked to GoodRelations Offering instances with price and availability information for automated product discovery and price comparison.

Metrics & Statistics
--------------------------

.. tab:: Graph


    .. list-table:: Graph Statistics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Total Nodes**
          - 4577
        * - **Total Edges**
          - 14125
        * - **Root Nodes**
          - 12
        * - **Leaf Nodes**
          - 1012
    ::


.. tab:: Coverage


    .. list-table:: Knowledge Coverage Statistics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Classes**
          - 1002
        * - **Individuals**
          - 3002
        * - **Properties**
          - 0

    ::

.. tab:: Hierarchy


    .. list-table:: Hierarchical Metrics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Maximum Depth**
          - 2
        * - **Minimum Depth**
          - 0
        * - **Average Depth**
          - 0.92
        * - **Depth Variance**
          - 0.87
    ::


.. tab:: Breadth


    .. list-table:: Breadth Metrics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Maximum Breadth**
          - 12
        * - **Minimum Breadth**
          - 3
        * - **Average Breadth**
          - 8.33
        * - **Breadth Variance**
          - 14.89
    ::

.. tab:: LLMs4OL


    .. list-table:: LLMs4OL Dataset Statistics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Term Types**
          - 3000
        * - **Taxonomic Relations**
          - 3996
        * - **Non-taxonomic Relations**
          - 0
        * - **Average Terms per Type**
          - 3000.00
    ::

Usage Example
----------------
Use the following code to import this ontology programmatically:

.. code-block:: python

    from ontolearner.ontology import PTO

    ontology = PTO()
    ontology.load("path/to/PTO-ontology.rdf")

    # Extract datasets
    data = ontology.extract()

    # Access specific relations
    term_types = data.term_typings
    taxonomic_relations = data.type_taxonomies
    non_taxonomic_relations = data.type_non_taxonomic_relations