.. sidebar::

    .. list-table:: **Ontology Card**
       :header-rows: 0

       * - **Domain**
         - Upper Ontology
       * - **Category**
         - Upper Ontology
       * - **Current Version**
         - None
       * - **Last Updated**
         - 2024-11-18
       * - **Creator**
         - None
       * - **License**
         - Creative Commons 4.0
       * - **Format**
         - owl
       * - **Download**
         - `Download General Formal Ontology (GFO) <https://onto-med.github.io/GFO/release/2024-11-18/index-en.html>`_

General Formal Ontology (GFO)
========================================================================================================

The General Formal Ontology (GFO) is a top-level, foundational ontology developed by Onto-Med for conceptual modeling across scientific, technical, and philosophical domains. GFO provides a rigorous framework for representing fundamental categories such as objects, processes, time, space, properties, relations, roles, functions, facts, and situations. It is designed to support the integration of material, mental, and social entities by incorporating the notion of levels of reality, enabling nuanced modeling of complex systems. GFO is modular and extensible, allowing domain ontologies to build upon its core categories for specialized applications. The ontology is used in knowledge engineering, biomedical informatics, cognitive science, and information systems to ensure semantic interoperability and logical consistency. GFO is actively maintained and extended to address emerging requirements in conceptual modeling and ontology integration.

**Example Usage**:
Use GFO as the upper ontology for a biomedical ontology, classifying entities such as "disease" (situation), "patient" (object), and "treatment process" (process), enabling semantic integration and reasoning across clinical and research data.

Metrics & Statistics
--------------------------

.. tab:: Graph


    .. list-table:: Graph Statistics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Total Nodes**
          - 296
        * - **Total Edges**
          - 708
        * - **Root Nodes**
          - 42
        * - **Leaf Nodes**
          - 71
    ::


.. tab:: Coverage


    .. list-table:: Knowledge Coverage Statistics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Classes**
          - 94
        * - **Individuals**
          - 1
        * - **Properties**
          - 67

    ::

.. tab:: Hierarchy


    .. list-table:: Hierarchical Metrics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Maximum Depth**
          - 12
        * - **Minimum Depth**
          - 0
        * - **Average Depth**
          - 1.94
        * - **Depth Variance**
          - 3.22
    ::


.. tab:: Breadth


    .. list-table:: Breadth Metrics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Maximum Breadth**
          - 88
        * - **Minimum Breadth**
          - 1
        * - **Average Breadth**
          - 21.23
        * - **Breadth Variance**
          - 874.02
    ::

.. tab:: LLMs4OL


    .. list-table:: LLMs4OL Dataset Statistics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Term Types**
          - 1
        * - **Taxonomic Relations**
          - 143
        * - **Non-taxonomic Relations**
          - 34
        * - **Average Terms per Type**
          - 1.00
    ::

Usage Example
----------------
Use the following code to import this ontology programmatically:

.. code-block:: python

    from ontolearner.ontology import GFO

    ontology = GFO()
    ontology.load("path/to/GFO-ontology.owl")

    # Extract datasets
    data = ontology.extract()

    # Access specific relations
    term_types = data.term_typings
    taxonomic_relations = data.type_taxonomies
    non_taxonomic_relations = data.type_non_taxonomic_relations