.. sidebar::

    .. list-table:: **Ontology Card**
       :header-rows: 0

       * - **Domain**
         - Materials Science and Engineering
       * - **Category**
         - Materials Defects
       * - **Current Version**
         - 1.0.0
       * - **Last Updated**
         - None
       * - **Creator**
         - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-7990
       * - **License**
         - Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
       * - **Format**
         - owl
       * - **Download**
         - `Download Planar Defects Ontology (PLDO) <https://github.com/OCDO/pldo>`_

Planar Defects Ontology (PLDO)
========================================================================================================

The Planar Defects Ontology (PLDO) is an ontology designed to describe planar defects in crystalline materials, such as grain boundaries and stacking faults, with a focus on their atomic-scale structure and properties. PLDO provides a structured vocabulary for representing the types, properties, and interactions of planar defects, supporting both experimental and computational research in materials science.

The ontology employs a class-based modeling approach, defining classes for different types of planar defects, properties, and interactions, along with properties to describe their characteristics and effects on material properties. Hierarchies are used to organize classes into categories, enabling efficient data retrieval and analysis. PLDO supports the integration of data from various sources, promoting interoperability and data-driven research in materials science.

Typical applications of PLDO include the development of new materials with specific defect properties, the optimization of material properties through defect engineering, and the integration of diverse datasets to support advanced analytics and knowledge discovery. By providing a standardized vocabulary and framework, PLDO enhances collaboration and innovation in the field of materials science.

**Example Usage**:
Annotate a materials science study with PLDO terms to specify planar defect types, properties, and interactions, enabling semantic search and integration with materials informatics platforms.

Metrics & Statistics
--------------------------

.. tab:: Graph


    .. list-table:: Graph Statistics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Total Nodes**
          - 215
        * - **Total Edges**
          - 320
        * - **Root Nodes**
          - 38
        * - **Leaf Nodes**
          - 121
    ::


.. tab:: Coverage


    .. list-table:: Knowledge Coverage Statistics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Classes**
          - 27
        * - **Individuals**
          - 0
        * - **Properties**
          - 15

    ::

.. tab:: Hierarchy


    .. list-table:: Hierarchical Metrics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Maximum Depth**
          - 2
        * - **Minimum Depth**
          - 0
        * - **Average Depth**
          - 0.57
        * - **Depth Variance**
          - 0.40
    ::


.. tab:: Breadth


    .. list-table:: Breadth Metrics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Maximum Breadth**
          - 38
        * - **Minimum Breadth**
          - 6
        * - **Average Breadth**
          - 25.00
        * - **Breadth Variance**
          - 188.67
    ::

.. tab:: LLMs4OL


    .. list-table:: LLMs4OL Dataset Statistics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Term Types**
          - 0
        * - **Taxonomic Relations**
          - 38
        * - **Non-taxonomic Relations**
          - 0
        * - **Average Terms per Type**
          - 0.00
    ::

Usage Example
----------------
Use the following code to import this ontology programmatically:

.. code-block:: python

    from ontolearner.ontology import PLDO

    ontology = PLDO()
    ontology.load("path/to/PLDO-ontology.owl")

    # Extract datasets
    data = ontology.extract()

    # Access specific relations
    term_types = data.term_typings
    taxonomic_relations = data.type_taxonomies
    non_taxonomic_relations = data.type_non_taxonomic_relations