.. sidebar::

    .. list-table:: **Ontology Card**
       :header-rows: 0

       * - **Domain**
         - Geography
       * - **Category**
         - Geographic Knowledge
       * - **Current Version**
         - 3.3
       * - **Last Updated**
         - 2022-01-30
       * - **Creator**
         - Bernard Vatant
       * - **License**
         - Creative Commons 3.0
       * - **Format**
         - rdf
       * - **Download**
         - `Download GeoNames Ontology (GeoNames) <https://www.geonames.org/ontology>`_

GeoNames Ontology (GeoNames)
========================================================================================================

The GeoNames Ontology provides a structured vocabulary and semantic framework for describing geographical features, places, and administrative regions, particularly those defined in the geonames.org database. It enables the representation of place names, geographic coordinates, feature types (such as cities, rivers, mountains), and hierarchical relationships between locations (e.g., country, state, city). The ontology supports multilingual place names and alternative spellings, facilitating global interoperability and data integration. GeoNames is widely used in geographic information systems (GIS), linked data applications, and knowledge graphs to enable geospatial search, mapping, and data enrichment. By providing standardized identifiers and relationships, GeoNames enhances the discoverability and linking of geographic data across datasets and platforms. The ontology is maintained collaboratively and is continuously updated to reflect changes in geographic information and administrative boundaries.

**Example Usage**:
Annotate a dataset of cultural heritage sites with GeoNames terms to specify their geographic coordinates, administrative regions, and feature types, enabling geospatial search and integration with mapping services.

Metrics & Statistics
--------------------------

.. tab:: Graph


    .. list-table:: Graph Statistics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Total Nodes**
          - 4879
        * - **Total Edges**
          - 6631
        * - **Root Nodes**
          - 2
        * - **Leaf Nodes**
          - 4123
    ::


.. tab:: Coverage


    .. list-table:: Knowledge Coverage Statistics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Classes**
          - 7
        * - **Individuals**
          - 699
        * - **Properties**
          - 30

    ::

.. tab:: Hierarchy


    .. list-table:: Hierarchical Metrics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Maximum Depth**
          - 3
        * - **Minimum Depth**
          - 0
        * - **Average Depth**
          - 1.18
        * - **Depth Variance**
          - 0.43
    ::


.. tab:: Breadth


    .. list-table:: Breadth Metrics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Maximum Breadth**
          - 21
        * - **Minimum Breadth**
          - 2
        * - **Average Breadth**
          - 7.00
        * - **Breadth Variance**
          - 65.50
    ::

.. tab:: LLMs4OL


    .. list-table:: LLMs4OL Dataset Statistics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Term Types**
          - 699
        * - **Taxonomic Relations**
          - 18
        * - **Non-taxonomic Relations**
          - 0
        * - **Average Terms per Type**
          - 349.50
    ::

Usage Example
----------------
Use the following code to import this ontology programmatically:

.. code-block:: python

    from ontolearner.ontology import GeoNames

    ontology = GeoNames()
    ontology.load("path/to/GeoNames-ontology.rdf")

    # Extract datasets
    data = ontology.extract()

    # Access specific relations
    term_types = data.term_typings
    taxonomic_relations = data.type_taxonomies
    non_taxonomic_relations = data.type_non_taxonomic_relations