.. sidebar::

    .. list-table:: **Ontology Card**
       :header-rows: 0

       * - **Domain**
         - General Knowledge
       * - **Category**
         - General
       * - **Current Version**
         - 2013-04-30
       * - **Last Updated**
         - 2013-04-30
       * - **Creator**
         - None
       * - **License**
         - W3C Software License
       * - **Format**
         - owl
       * - **Download**
         - `Download PROV Ontology (PROV-O) <https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/ontologies/PROV>`_

PROV Ontology (PROV-O)
========================================================================================================

The PROV Ontology (PROV-O) expresses the PROV Data Model using the OWL2 Web Ontology Language, providing a set of classes, properties, and restrictions for representing and interchanging provenance information. It captures the complete lifecycle of entities, activities, and agents involved in generating data across different systems and contexts. PROV-O enables formal representation of who created what, when they created it, and under what circumstances, supporting accountability and reproducibility in data-intensive research. The ontology is designed to be generic enough for diverse applications while allowing specialization for specific domains through extension mechanisms. PROV-O facilitates automated provenance tracking and reasoning, enabling systems to verify data quality, authenticity, and compliance with policies. The ontology is widely used in scientific workflows, data management systems, and enterprise information governance.

**Example Usage**:
Annotate a dataset's provenance with PROV-O terms to document that entity X was generated by activity Y using agent Z as input, with timestamps and qualifications about how the transformation occurred, enabling complete traceability and reproducibility of data.

Metrics & Statistics
--------------------------

.. tab:: Graph


    .. list-table:: Graph Statistics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Total Nodes**
          - 417
        * - **Total Edges**
          - 1100
        * - **Root Nodes**
          - 26
        * - **Leaf Nodes**
          - 248
    ::


.. tab:: Coverage


    .. list-table:: Knowledge Coverage Statistics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Classes**
          - 39
        * - **Individuals**
          - 0
        * - **Properties**
          - 50

    ::

.. tab:: Hierarchy


    .. list-table:: Hierarchical Metrics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Maximum Depth**
          - 6
        * - **Minimum Depth**
          - 0
        * - **Average Depth**
          - 2.21
        * - **Depth Variance**
          - 1.98
    ::


.. tab:: Breadth


    .. list-table:: Breadth Metrics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Maximum Breadth**
          - 59
        * - **Minimum Breadth**
          - 5
        * - **Average Breadth**
          - 30.29
        * - **Breadth Variance**
          - 409.63
    ::

.. tab:: LLMs4OL


    .. list-table:: LLMs4OL Dataset Statistics
        :widths: 50 50
        :header-rows: 0

        * - **Term Types**
          - 0
        * - **Taxonomic Relations**
          - 39
        * - **Non-taxonomic Relations**
          - 4
        * - **Average Terms per Type**
          - 0.00
    ::

Usage Example
----------------
Use the following code to import this ontology programmatically:

.. code-block:: python

    from ontolearner.ontology import PROV

    ontology = PROV()
    ontology.load("path/to/PROV-ontology.owl")

    # Extract datasets
    data = ontology.extract()

    # Access specific relations
    term_types = data.term_typings
    taxonomic_relations = data.type_taxonomies
    non_taxonomic_relations = data.type_non_taxonomic_relations